Helpful Documents

	Below are a few documents that may be helpful to read while examining the arm model.
  They discuss the physics of the arm and the motion it undergoes, characteristics of 
  different cells in the neural network used in this model, and the creation of a simulated
  human neural network.

Stanley Gotshall's Ph.D. dissertation

Fall 2008 Presentation to the Biorobotics Course

These are the powerpoint slides from a guest lecture in 2008.

Muscles

The characteristics of the human muscle are discussed in this paper, including characteristics of the different muscle fibers and their reaction to stimuli.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

Kinetics and Muscle Modeling of a Single Degree of Freedom Joint Part 1: Mechanics

This paper discusses the physical mechanics involved in recreating a human arm model, including the physics of the limbs, joint, and muscles with their individual contractile elements.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

Kinetics and Muscle Modeling of a Single Degree of Freedom Joint Part 2: Spindles and Sensory Neurons

This paper discusses the muscle spindles located within each muscle bundle that are able to detect changes in contracting velocity.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

Spinal Sensorimotor System Part 1: Overview

This paper discusses the basic components of the spinal sensorimotor system, such as the placement and function of certain cells located within the spinal cord, as well as sensory cells located near the surface of the skin.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

Spinal Sensorimotor System Part 2: Motoneurons and Motoneuron Pathways

This paper discusses the function of each neural network cell in more depth, especially the Alpha- and Gamma- motoneurons, touching on their similarities and differences.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

Spinal Sensorimotor Systems Part 3: The Motoneuron Layer

This paper focuses on the motoneuron cells and their interactions with the cells that surround them, as well as their functional role in movement.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

The Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Model as a Sensory Neuron Model

In this paper, the integrate-and-fire phenomenon used in the model is discussed in terms of how and why neurons sustain a refractory period after they propagate a signal.
Author: Dr. Richard B. Wells

Click here for more neuroscience tech briefs (Courtesy of Dr Richard B. Wells)